Kotlin

Kotlin (Intermediate)

These concepts introduce more complex features and functionalities of Kotlin. They are essential for building more sophisticated and robust applications, managing data and structures effectively, and optimizing performance.

1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

   • Classes and objects.

   • Inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

   • Reason: OOP principles are central to designing robust and reusable code in Kotlin.

   • Example Task: Create a class hierarchy with a base class and two derived classes, demonstrating inheritance and polymorphism.

2. Higher-Order Functions and Lambdas

   • Writing and using higher-order functions.

   • Lambda expressions and functional programming basics.

   • Reason: Higher-order functions and lambdas enable concise and expressive code.

   • Example Task: Write a higher-order function that takes a lambda as a parameter and applies it to a list of numbers.

3. Extension Functions

   • Defining and using extension functions.

   • Understanding the benefits of extensions for adding functionality to existing classes.

   • Reason: Extension functions provide a way to extend the functionality of existing classes without inheritance.

   • Example Task: Create an extension function for the String class that returns the reversed string.

4. Data Classes and Sealed Classes

   • Creating and using data classes.

   • Understanding sealed classes for restricted class hierarchies.

   • Reason: Data classes and sealed classes provide more powerful and expressive ways to define data structures.

   • Example Task: Define a data class for a Person and a sealed class hierarchy for different types of Result (Success, Error).

5. Generics

   • Defining and using generic classes and functions.

   • Understanding type variance (in, out) and constraints.

   • Reason: Generics provide type safety and reusability in collections and other data structures.

   • Example Task: Create a generic class Box that can hold any type and demonstrate its usage with different data types.

6. Coroutines

   • Understanding and using coroutines for asynchronous programming.

   • Basic coroutine builders (launch, async) and scope.

   • Reason: Coroutines simplify asynchronous programming and improve code readability and performance.

   • Example Task: Write a program that uses coroutines to perform a simple asynchronous task, such as fetching data from a mock API.

7. Exception Handling

   • Using try-catch blocks.

   • Custom exceptions.

   • Reason: Proper exception handling is crucial for building reliable applications.

   • Example Task: Write a program that reads a file and handles potential exceptions gracefully.